After playing around with the Cooler Master Hyper TX2 CPU cooler and trying different things, I decided to give the stock cooler one more try, as I read in many reviews that temperatures should be at least 10 degrees lower.
So yeah ... the pre-applied stock thermal paste was the problem. Now I installed the stock cooler with the cheap OEM goop I bought 10 years ago, and now temps are normal. Under 100% CPU load the stock fan spins at up to 65% in 24*C ambient and the CPU stays under 55*C. Under the same conditions, the Cooler Master Hyper TX2
I'm very disappointed in Cooler Master, BUT considering that it's a very old CPU cooler and it was dropped on the floor several times, maybe it doesn't function properly anymore.
AMD also disappointed me a little bit, as the pre-applied thermal paste has very poor quality, BUT it's a minor problem, when compared to Intel's glued CPU cap and the same crappy thermal paste inside, and also on the stock cooler.